Triglycerides: normal values, hypertriglyceridemia and treatment | Clinique Omicron<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Triglycerides are lipids whose elevation increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and acute pancreatitis. Secondary causes diet alcohol diabetes fibrates omega-3 Vascepa and diet in Quebec.\">\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"triglyc\u00e9rides, hypertriglyc\u00e9rid\u00e9mie, triglyc\u00e9rides \u00e9lev\u00e9s, triglyc\u00e9rides pancr\u00e9atite, triglyc\u00e9rides fibrates, triglyc\u00e9rides om\u00e9ga-3, triglyc\u00e9rides cardiovasculaire, triglyc\u00e9rides diab\u00e8te, triglyc\u00e9rides traitement, triglyc\u00e9rides Qu\u00e9bec\">\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Cinzel:wght@600&family=Poppins:wght@400;500;600;700&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n<style>\n@import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Cinzel:wght@600&family=Poppins:wght@400;500;600;700&display=swap');\n\n.co-wrap * {\n font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n.co-wrap {\n max-width: 1100px;\n margin: 0 auto;\n padding: 30px 0 60px;\n margin-top: 10px;\n}\n.co-label {\n font-family: 'Cinzel', serif;\n font-size: 14px;\n font-weight: bold;\n letter-spacing: 1px;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n color: #4D6577;\n margin-bottom: 14px;\n display: block;\n}\n.co-wrap h1 {\n font-size: 32px;\n font-weight: 500;\n color: #323C52;\n margin: 0 0 22px;\n line-height: 1.2;\n letter-spacing: 0.5px;\n}\n.co-intro {\n font-size: 16px;\n font-weight: 400;\n line-height: 1.75;\n color: #4D6577;\n margin-bottom: 36px;\n padding-bottom: 32px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(77,101,119,.2);\n}\n.co-wrap h2 {\n font-size: 20px;\n font-weight: 600;\n color: #323C52;\n margin: 32px 0 12px;\n letter-spacing: 0.3px;\n}\n.co-wrap p {\n font-size: 15px;\n font-weight: 400;\n color: #4D6577;\n line-height: 1.7;\n margin-bottom: 14px;\n}\n.co-list {\n list-style: none;\n padding: 0;\n margin: 12px 0 24px;\n}\n.co-list li {\n font-size: 15px;\n font-weight: 400;\n color: #4D6577;\n padding: 10px 14px 10px 38px;\n margin-bottom: 8px;\n border-radius: 6px;\n position: relative;\n background: rgba(77,101,119,.06);\n border-left: 3px solid #4D6577;\n}\n.co-list li::before {\n content: \"\u2713\";\n position: absolute;\n left: 12px;\n font-weight: 700;\n color: #4D6577;\n}\n.co-table {\n width: 100%;\n border-collapse: collapse;\n margin: 14px 0 22px;\n font-size: 14px;\n border-radius: 8px;\n overflow: hidden;\n}\n.co-table thead tr {\n background: #323C52;\n color: #fff;\n}\n.co-table thead th {\n padding: 11px 16px;\n text-align: left;\n font-weight: 600;\n font-size: 13px;\n}\n.co-table tbody tr:nth-child(even) {\n background: rgba(77,101,119,.06);\n}\n.co-table tbody tr:nth-child(odd) {\n background: #fff;\n}\n.co-table td {\n padding: 10px 16px;\n color: #4D6577;\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(77,101,119,.12);\n font-size: 14px;\n vertical-align: top;\n}\n.co-table td:first-child {\n font-weight: 600;\n color: #323C52;\n}\n.co-infobox {\n display: flex;\n gap: 12px;\n background: rgba(77,101,119,.06);\n border-radius: 8px;\n border-left: 4px solid #4D6577;\n padding: 14px 18px;\n margin: 18px 0 28px;\n font-size: 14px;\n font-weight: 400;\n color: #4D6577;\n line-height: 1.65;\n}\n.co-infobox .ico {\n font-size: 18px;\n flex-shrink: 0;\n}\n.co-urgence {\n background: #fff8f8;\n border-left: 5px solid #c0392b;\n border-radius: 6px;\n padding: 20px 26px;\n margin: 24px 0 32px;\n}\n.co-urgence .co-urgence-titre {\n font-size: 13px;\n font-weight: 700;\n color: #c0392b;\n letter-spacing: 1.5px;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n margin-bottom: 10px;\n}\n.co-urgence p {\n color: #5a2020;\n font-size: 14px;\n margin: 0 0 10px;\n line-height: 1.7;\n}\n.co-urgence p:last-child {\n margin-bottom: 0;\n}\n.co-disclaimer {\n font-size: 13px;\n color: #8a9aaa;\n font-style: italic;\n border-top: 1px solid rgba(77,101,119,.15);\n padding-top: 24px;\n margin-top: 40px;\n line-height: 1.6;\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"co-wrap\">\n\n <span class=\"co-label\">Endocrinology & Preventive Cardiology & Family Medicine<\/span>\n <h1>Triglycerides<\/h1>\n\n <div class=\"co-intro\">\n Triglycerides (TG) - also known as triacylglycerols - are neutral lipids consisting of a glycerol molecule esterified with three long-chain fatty acids, representing the main form of lipid energy storage in adipose tissue and liver, and the main form of transport of lipids of dietary (chylomicrons) and hepatic (VLDL - Very Low Density Lipoproteins) origin into the bloodstream. The measurement of fasting (12-hour) serum triglycerides is an integral part of the standard lipid profile (alongside total cholesterol + LDL + HDL) and reflects both circulating VLDL load + adipose tissue lipolysis + and hepatic VLDL synthesis. Triglycerides present two major clinical risks, depending on their degree of elevation: a moderately increased cardiovascular risk for mild to moderate elevations (1.7-5.6 mmol\/L) - through their association with other components of the metabolic syndrome (visceral obesity + insulin resistance + low HDL + small, dense atherogenic LDL particles) + and a specific, severe risk of acute pancreatitis when triglycerides exceed 5.6-11.3 mmol\/L (particularly above 11.3 mmol\/L where the risk of pancreatitis becomes very high). Triglyceride measurement should ideally be performed fasting (12 hours), as postprandial triglycerides increase physiologically after a fatty meal (by 1-6 mmol\/L depending on the meal) and do not reflect basal lipid status - although recent recommendations accept non-fasting values for routine screening (a non-fasting TG > 2.0 mmol\/L suggests hypertriglyceridemia to be confirmed fasting).\n <\/div>\n\n <h2>Classification of fasting triglycerides<\/h2>\n <ul class=\"co-list\">\n <li><strong>Normal :<\/strong> < 1.7 mmol\/L (< 150 mg\/dL)<\/li>\n <li><strong>Upper limit :<\/strong> 1.7-2.2 mmol\/L (150-199 mg\/dL) \u2192 monitoring + dietary hygiene measures<\/li>\n <li><strong>High :<\/strong> 2.3-5.6 mmol\/L (200-499 mg\/dL) \u2192 increased cardiovascular risk + probable metabolic syndrome \u2192 treatment of cause + lifestyle + drug therapy according to overall risk profile<\/li>\n <li><strong>Very high :<\/strong> 5.6-11.3 mmol\/L (500-999 mg\/dL) \u2192 increasing risk of acute pancreatitis \u2192 pharmacological treatment mandatory (fibrates as a priority)<\/li>\n <li><strong>Severely high :<\/strong> \u2265 11.3 mmol\/L (\u2265 1,000 mg\/dL) \u2192 very high risk of acute pancreatitis \u2192 metabolic emergency + hospitalization if necessary + immediate treatment + severe dietary fat restriction<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <h2>Causes of hypertriglyceridemia<\/h2>\n\n <table class=\"co-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th>Category<\/th>\n <th>Main causes<\/th>\n <th>Mechanism<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td>Dietary causes and lifestyle habits<\/td>\n <td>Excessive consumption of simple sugars + refined carbohydrates (fructose +++ - sweetened beverages + fruit juices) + alcohol + hyperlipidic diet + abdominal obesity + sedentary lifestyle<\/td>\n <td>Fructose \u2192 increased hepatic TG synthesis (de novo lipogenesis pathway) + alcohol \u2192 inhibition of hepatic fatty acid oxidation + increased VLDL synthesis<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>Insulin resistance and diabetes<\/td>\n <td>Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes + visceral obesity + metabolic syndrome + prediabetes<\/td>\n <td>Relative insulin deficiency \u2192 increased lipolysis of adipose tissue \u2192 influx of free fatty acids to liver \u2192 increased VLDL synthesis + elevated blood glucose \u2192 carbohydrates converted to TG (de novo lipogenesis)<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>Hypothyroidism<\/td>\n <td>Patent + or subclinical hypothyroidism<\/td>\n <td>Reduced lipoprotein lipase (LPL) \u2192 reduced VLDL catabolism \u2192 TG accumulation + check TSH systematically<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>Chronic renal failure (CRF)<\/td>\n <td>All stages of CKD + nephrotic syndrome<\/td>\n <td>Reduced LPL + increased hepatic VLDL synthesis + urinary loss of regulatory apolipoproteins<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>Medicines<\/td>\n <td>Oral estrogens (COC + oral HRT) + corticosteroids + atypical antipsychotics (olanzapine + clozapine) + isotretinoin + tamoxifen + non-selective \u03b2-blockers + protease inhibitors (HIV) + cyclosporine<\/td>\n <td>Stimulation of hepatic VLDL synthesis + or inhibition of LPL + oral estrogens \u2192 very marked effect on TG (unlike transdermal estrogens, which do not increase TG)<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>Hereditary hypertriglyceridemia<\/td>\n <td>Familial hyperlipoproteinemia type I (LPL or apoC-II deficiency) + type IV (familial hypertriglyceridemia) + type V (mixed) + familial hyperchylomicronemia<\/td>\n <td>Genetic deficiencies in VLDL and chylomicron clearance \u2192 TG often very high (> 10 mmol\/L) + high risk of recurrent pancreatitis + eruptive xanthomas + lipemia retinalis<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <h2>Clinical signs of severe hypertriglyceridemia<\/h2>\n <ul class=\"co-list\">\n <li><strong>Eruptive xanthomas:<\/strong> small yellow-orange papules on buttocks + elbows + knees + back \u2192 chylomicron deposits in dermis + characteristics of very high TG (> 11 mmol\/L)<\/li>\n <li><strong>Lipemia retinalis :<\/strong> milky appearance of retinal vessels (arteries AND white veins) on fundus examination \u2192 pathognomonic of very severe hypertriglyceridemia<\/li>\n <li><strong>Hepatomegaly + splenomegaly :<\/strong> intrahepatic + splenic lipid deposits + in severe chronic forms<\/li>\n <li><strong>Lactecent serum :<\/strong> milky or creamy appearance of serum on centrifugation \u2192 visualized in the laboratory + suggestive of TG > 11 mmol\/L<\/li>\n <li><strong>Epigastric abdominal pain:<\/strong> precursor of acute pancreatitis \u2192 always hospitalize if TG > 11 mmol\/L with abdominal pain<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <h2>Treatment<\/h2>\n <ul class=\"co-list\">\n <li><strong>Dietary hygiene measures (pillar for all shapes) :<\/strong> drastic reduction in simple sugars (fructose + sucrose + glucose) + elimination of sugary drinks and fruit juices + cessation of alcohol (major effect on TGs) + reduction in refined carbohydrates (white bread + white rice + pasta) + increase in fibre + regular physical activity (150 min\/week) \u2192 reduction in TGs by 20-50 % by dietary-hygienic measures alone in moderate forms<\/li>\n <li><strong>Treatment of secondary causes :<\/strong> optimization of glycemic control (diabetes) \u2192 metformin + GLP-1 + SGLT2 \u2192 very effective on TG + treatment of hypothyroidism (levothyroxine) + discontinuation or substitution of inducing drug if possible (oral \u2192 transdermal estrogens) + weight loss<\/li>\n <li><strong>Fibrates (pharmacological treatment of choice for very high TG) :<\/strong> fenofibrate (Lipidil\u00ae 145 mg\/d) + gemfibrozil \u2192 PPAR-\u03b1 receptor agonists \u2192 activation of LPL \u2192 degradation of VLDL \u2192 reduction of TG by 30-50 % + increase of HDL by 10-20 % + priority indications: TG > 5.6 mmol\/L + or TG > 2.3 mmol\/L if residual high CV risk with statin + increased myopathy risk if combined with statins (gemfibrozil +++ to be avoided with statins - fenofibrate safer)<\/li>\n <li><strong>High-dose omega-3s (EPA + DHA polyunsaturated fatty acids):<\/strong> ethyl icosapentaenoate - Vascepa\u00ae (EPA pure 4 g\/d) \u2192 approved by Health Canada to reduce residual cardiovascular risk in patients with TG 1.5-5.6 mmol\/L on statins + reduced risk of CV events by 25 % (REDUCE-IT trial) + mechanism: inhibition of hepatic lipogenesis + activation of LPL + standard omega-3 (EPA + DHA - 3-4 g\/d) \u2192 TG reduction of 20-30 % but no CV benefit demonstrated<\/li>\n <li><strong>Statins :<\/strong> moderate effect on TG (reduction 10-20 %) + but treatment of choice if LDL high + associated high CV risk + reduce VLDL in addition to LDL at high doses<\/li>\n <li><strong>Urgent management if TG \u2265 11.3 mmol\/L :<\/strong> immediate dietary restriction of fats and carbohydrates + total cessation of alcohol + if hospitalized: lipid-free enteral nutrition + IV insulin therapy if diabetes + plasma apheresis in extreme refractory cases + prevention of acute pancreatitis<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <div class=\"co-infobox\">\n <span class=\"ico\">\u2119\ufe0f<\/span>\n <span>Ethyl icosapentaenoate (Vascepa\u00ae - pure EPA 4 g\/d) is the only omega-3 to have demonstrated a significant reduction in residual cardiovascular risk in the REDUCE-IT trial (25 % relative reduction in major CV events in patients with TG 1.5-5.6 mmol\/L already on statins). This property is specific to pure EPA and was not reproduced by combined EPA + DHA formulations (STRENGTH trial with standard fish oil - negative result). The distinction between Vascepa\u00ae (pure EPA) and standard omega-3 (EPA + DHA) is clinically important.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"co-urgence\">\n <div class=\"co-urgence-titre\">Medical consultation recommended<\/div>\n <p>Seek prompt medical attention if very high triglycerides (> 5.6 mmol\/L) are found on blood testing + especially if epigastric abdominal pain is associated (risk of acute pancreatitis). Go to emergency immediately if severe abdominal pain with known very high triglycerides occurs - this is a pancreatic emergency. For a complete lipid profile and treatment of hypertriglyceridemia (fenofibrate + Vascepa\u00ae + dietary-hygienic measures), Clinique Omicron offers medical consultations at its points of service in Quebec and via telemedicine. To book an appointment, visit <a href=\"https:\/\/cliniqueomicron.ca\" style=\"color:#c0392b;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">cliniqueomicron.ca<\/a>.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <h2>Consult at Clinique Omicron<\/h2>\n <p>Clinique Omicron's specialized physicians and nurse practitioners (IPS) measure and interpret triglycerides in the complete lipid profile, identify treatable secondary causes (hypothyroidism + diabetes + medication + alcohol), prescribe fenofibrate and Vascepa\u00ae as indicated, provide dietary-hygienic advice targeting fructose and alcohol, manage very severe hypertriglyceridemia with urgent dietary restriction, and refer to endocrinology for severe familial hypertriglyceridemia. Consultations are available at several points of service in Quebec and via telemedicine. To book an appointment, visit <a href=\"https:\/\/cliniqueomicron.ca\" style=\"color:#4D6577;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">cliniqueomicron.ca<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n <p class=\"co-disclaimer\">The contents of this page are provided for information purposes only and do not replace medical advice. Very high triglycerides (> 11.3 mmol\/L) with abdominal pain constitute a medical emergency due to the risk of acute pancreatitis. Triglyceride levels should be measured on an empty stomach (12 hours) to ensure reliable interpretation of basal values.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Triglyc\u00e9rides : valeurs normales, hypertriglyc\u00e9rid\u00e9mie et traitement | Clinique Omicron Endocrinologie & Cardiologie pr\u00e9ventive & M\u00e9decine de famille Triglyc\u00e9rides Les triglyc\u00e9rides (TG) \u2014 d\u00e9sign\u00e9s \u00e9galement triacylglyc\u00e9rols \u2014 sont des lipides neutres constitu\u00e9s d’une mol\u00e9cule de glyc\u00e9rol est\u00e9rifi\u00e9e par trois acides gras \u00e0 longue cha\u00eene, repr\u00e9sentant la principale forme de stockage \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique lipidique dans les tissus… <a href=\"https:\/\/cliniqueomicron.ca\/en\/triglycerides\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Read More \"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Triglycerides: normal values, hypertriglyceridemia and treatment | Clinique Omicron<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"off","neve_meta_content_width":100,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"_metasync_otto_title":"Triglyc\u00e9rides | Brossard | Clinique Omicron","_metasync_otto_description":"Triglyc\u00e9rides Triglyc\u00e9rides est un test de laboratoire qui permet d'\u00e9valuer certains aspects de votre \u00e9tat de sant\u00e9. Ce test est disponible \u00e0 la Clinique Omi...","_metasync_otto_keywords":"","_metasync_otto_og_title":"","_metasync_otto_og_description":"Triglyc\u00e9rides Triglyc\u00e9rides est un test de laboratoire qui permet d'\u00e9valuer certains aspects de votre \u00e9tat de sant\u00e9. Ce test est disponible \u00e0 la Clinique Omi...","_metasync_otto_twitter_title":"","_metasync_otto_twitter_description":"Triglyc\u00e9rides Triglyc\u00e9rides est un test de laboratoire qui permet d'\u00e9valuer certains aspects de votre \u00e9tat de sant\u00e9. Ce test est disponible \u00e0 la Clinique Omi...","rank_math_title":"","rank_math_description":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_aioseo_title":"Triglyc\u00e9rides : valeurs normales, hypertriglyc\u00e9rid\u00e9mie et traitement | Clinique Omicron","_aioseo_description":"Les triglyc\u00e9rides \u00e9lev\u00e9s augmentent le risque cardiovasculaire et de pancr\u00e9atite. Seuil 5.6 mmol\/L risque pancr\u00e9atique 11.3 urgence, fibrates f\u00e9nofibrate 30-50%, Vascepa EPA pur REDUCE-IT 25% risque CV r\u00e9siduel, fructose alcool alcool causes au Qu\u00e9bec.","_metasync_seo_title":"","_metasync_seo_desc":"","_metasync_breadcrumb_title":"","_metasync_primary_category":0,"_metasync_primary_product_cat":0,"_metasync_otto_disabled":"","_metasync_hreflang":"","_metasync_plugin_sync_ts":"{\"aioseo\":\"2026-05-04T21:42:32+00:00\"}","_metasync_robots_advanced":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-25027","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Triglyc\u00e9rides Triglyc\u00e9rides est un test de laboratoire qui permet d'\u00e9valuer certains aspects de votre \u00e9tat de sant\u00e9. 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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\n\nTriglycerides: normal values, hypertriglyceridemia and treatment | Clinique Omicron<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Triglycerides are lipids whose elevation increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and acute pancreatitis. Secondary causes diet alcohol diabetes fibrates omega-3 Vascepa and diet in Quebec.\">\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"triglyc\u00e9rides, hypertriglyc\u00e9rid\u00e9mie, triglyc\u00e9rides \u00e9lev\u00e9s, triglyc\u00e9rides pancr\u00e9atite, triglyc\u00e9rides fibrates, triglyc\u00e9rides om\u00e9ga-3, triglyc\u00e9rides cardiovasculaire, triglyc\u00e9rides diab\u00e8te, triglyc\u00e9rides traitement, triglyc\u00e9rides Qu\u00e9bec\">\n<link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n<link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Cinzel:wght@600&family=Poppins:wght@400;500;600;700&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n<style>\n@import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Cinzel:wght@600&family=Poppins:wght@400;500;600;700&display=swap');\n\n.co-wrap * {\n font-family: 'Poppins', sans-serif;\n box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n.co-wrap {\n max-width: 1100px;\n margin: 0 auto;\n padding: 30px 0 60px;\n margin-top: 10px;\n}\n.co-label {\n font-family: 'Cinzel', serif;\n font-size: 14px;\n font-weight: bold;\n letter-spacing: 1px;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n color: #4D6577;\n margin-bottom: 14px;\n display: block;\n}\n.co-wrap h1 {\n font-size: 32px;\n font-weight: 500;\n color: #323C52;\n margin: 0 0 22px;\n line-height: 1.2;\n letter-spacing: 0.5px;\n}\n.co-intro {\n font-size: 16px;\n font-weight: 400;\n line-height: 1.75;\n color: #4D6577;\n margin-bottom: 36px;\n padding-bottom: 32px;\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(77,101,119,.2);\n}\n.co-wrap h2 {\n font-size: 20px;\n font-weight: 600;\n color: #323C52;\n margin: 32px 0 12px;\n letter-spacing: 0.3px;\n}\n.co-wrap p {\n font-size: 15px;\n font-weight: 400;\n color: #4D6577;\n line-height: 1.7;\n margin-bottom: 14px;\n}\n.co-list {\n list-style: none;\n padding: 0;\n margin: 12px 0 24px;\n}\n.co-list li {\n font-size: 15px;\n font-weight: 400;\n color: #4D6577;\n padding: 10px 14px 10px 38px;\n margin-bottom: 8px;\n border-radius: 6px;\n position: relative;\n background: rgba(77,101,119,.06);\n border-left: 3px solid #4D6577;\n}\n.co-list li::before {\n content: \"\u2713\";\n position: absolute;\n left: 12px;\n font-weight: 700;\n color: #4D6577;\n}\n.co-table {\n width: 100%;\n border-collapse: collapse;\n margin: 14px 0 22px;\n font-size: 14px;\n border-radius: 8px;\n overflow: hidden;\n}\n.co-table thead tr {\n background: #323C52;\n color: #fff;\n}\n.co-table thead th {\n padding: 11px 16px;\n text-align: left;\n font-weight: 600;\n font-size: 13px;\n}\n.co-table tbody tr:nth-child(even) {\n background: rgba(77,101,119,.06);\n}\n.co-table tbody tr:nth-child(odd) {\n background: #fff;\n}\n.co-table td {\n padding: 10px 16px;\n color: #4D6577;\n border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(77,101,119,.12);\n font-size: 14px;\n vertical-align: top;\n}\n.co-table td:first-child {\n font-weight: 600;\n color: #323C52;\n}\n.co-infobox {\n display: flex;\n gap: 12px;\n background: rgba(77,101,119,.06);\n border-radius: 8px;\n border-left: 4px solid #4D6577;\n padding: 14px 18px;\n margin: 18px 0 28px;\n font-size: 14px;\n font-weight: 400;\n color: #4D6577;\n line-height: 1.65;\n}\n.co-infobox .ico {\n font-size: 18px;\n flex-shrink: 0;\n}\n.co-urgence {\n background: #fff8f8;\n border-left: 5px solid #c0392b;\n border-radius: 6px;\n padding: 20px 26px;\n margin: 24px 0 32px;\n}\n.co-urgence .co-urgence-titre {\n font-size: 13px;\n font-weight: 700;\n color: #c0392b;\n letter-spacing: 1.5px;\n text-transform: uppercase;\n margin-bottom: 10px;\n}\n.co-urgence p {\n color: #5a2020;\n font-size: 14px;\n margin: 0 0 10px;\n line-height: 1.7;\n}\n.co-urgence p:last-child {\n margin-bottom: 0;\n}\n.co-disclaimer {\n font-size: 13px;\n color: #8a9aaa;\n font-style: italic;\n border-top: 1px solid rgba(77,101,119,.15);\n padding-top: 24px;\n margin-top: 40px;\n line-height: 1.6;\n}\n<\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n<div class=\"co-wrap\">\n\n <span class=\"co-label\">Endocrinology & Preventive Cardiology & Family Medicine<\/span>\n <h1>Triglycerides<\/h1>\n\n <div class=\"co-intro\">\n Triglycerides (TG) - also known as triacylglycerols - are neutral lipids consisting of a glycerol molecule esterified with three long-chain fatty acids, representing the main form of lipid energy storage in adipose tissue and liver, and the main form of transport of lipids of dietary (chylomicrons) and hepatic (VLDL - Very Low Density Lipoproteins) origin into the bloodstream. The measurement of fasting (12-hour) serum triglycerides is an integral part of the standard lipid profile (alongside total cholesterol + LDL + HDL) and reflects both circulating VLDL load + adipose tissue lipolysis + and hepatic VLDL synthesis. Triglycerides present two major clinical risks, depending on their degree of elevation: a moderately increased cardiovascular risk for mild to moderate elevations (1.7-5.6 mmol\/L) - through their association with other components of the metabolic syndrome (visceral obesity + insulin resistance + low HDL + small, dense atherogenic LDL particles) + and a specific, severe risk of acute pancreatitis when triglycerides exceed 5.6-11.3 mmol\/L (particularly above 11.3 mmol\/L where the risk of pancreatitis becomes very high). Triglyceride measurement should ideally be performed fasting (12 hours), as postprandial triglycerides increase physiologically after a fatty meal (by 1-6 mmol\/L depending on the meal) and do not reflect basal lipid status - although recent recommendations accept non-fasting values for routine screening (a non-fasting TG > 2.0 mmol\/L suggests hypertriglyceridemia to be confirmed fasting).\n <\/div>\n\n <h2>Classification of fasting triglycerides<\/h2>\n <ul class=\"co-list\">\n <li><strong>Normal :<\/strong> < 1.7 mmol\/L (< 150 mg\/dL)<\/li>\n <li><strong>Upper limit :<\/strong> 1.7-2.2 mmol\/L (150-199 mg\/dL) \u2192 monitoring + dietary hygiene measures<\/li>\n <li><strong>High :<\/strong> 2.3-5.6 mmol\/L (200-499 mg\/dL) \u2192 increased cardiovascular risk + probable metabolic syndrome \u2192 treatment of cause + lifestyle + drug therapy according to overall risk profile<\/li>\n <li><strong>Very high :<\/strong> 5.6-11.3 mmol\/L (500-999 mg\/dL) \u2192 increasing risk of acute pancreatitis \u2192 pharmacological treatment mandatory (fibrates as a priority)<\/li>\n <li><strong>Severely high :<\/strong> \u2265 11.3 mmol\/L (\u2265 1,000 mg\/dL) \u2192 very high risk of acute pancreatitis \u2192 metabolic emergency + hospitalization if necessary + immediate treatment + severe dietary fat restriction<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <h2>Causes of hypertriglyceridemia<\/h2>\n\n <table class=\"co-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th>Category<\/th>\n <th>Main causes<\/th>\n <th>Mechanism<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td>Dietary causes and lifestyle habits<\/td>\n <td>Excessive consumption of simple sugars + refined carbohydrates (fructose +++ - sweetened beverages + fruit juices) + alcohol + hyperlipidic diet + abdominal obesity + sedentary lifestyle<\/td>\n <td>Fructose \u2192 increased hepatic TG synthesis (de novo lipogenesis pathway) + alcohol \u2192 inhibition of hepatic fatty acid oxidation + increased VLDL synthesis<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>Insulin resistance and diabetes<\/td>\n <td>Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes + visceral obesity + metabolic syndrome + prediabetes<\/td>\n <td>Relative insulin deficiency \u2192 increased lipolysis of adipose tissue \u2192 influx of free fatty acids to liver \u2192 increased VLDL synthesis + elevated blood glucose \u2192 carbohydrates converted to TG (de novo lipogenesis)<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>Hypothyroidism<\/td>\n <td>Patent + or subclinical hypothyroidism<\/td>\n <td>Reduced lipoprotein lipase (LPL) \u2192 reduced VLDL catabolism \u2192 TG accumulation + check TSH systematically<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>Chronic renal failure (CRF)<\/td>\n <td>All stages of CKD + nephrotic syndrome<\/td>\n <td>Reduced LPL + increased hepatic VLDL synthesis + urinary loss of regulatory apolipoproteins<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>Medicines<\/td>\n <td>Oral estrogens (COC + oral HRT) + corticosteroids + atypical antipsychotics (olanzapine + clozapine) + isotretinoin + tamoxifen + non-selective \u03b2-blockers + protease inhibitors (HIV) + cyclosporine<\/td>\n <td>Stimulation of hepatic VLDL synthesis + or inhibition of LPL + oral estrogens \u2192 very marked effect on TG (unlike transdermal estrogens, which do not increase TG)<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>Hereditary hypertriglyceridemia<\/td>\n <td>Familial hyperlipoproteinemia type I (LPL or apoC-II deficiency) + type IV (familial hypertriglyceridemia) + type V (mixed) + familial hyperchylomicronemia<\/td>\n <td>Genetic deficiencies in VLDL and chylomicron clearance \u2192 TG often very high (> 10 mmol\/L) + high risk of recurrent pancreatitis + eruptive xanthomas + lipemia retinalis<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n\n <h2>Clinical signs of severe hypertriglyceridemia<\/h2>\n <ul class=\"co-list\">\n <li><strong>Eruptive xanthomas:<\/strong> small yellow-orange papules on buttocks + elbows + knees + back \u2192 chylomicron deposits in dermis + characteristics of very high TG (> 11 mmol\/L)<\/li>\n <li><strong>Lipemia retinalis :<\/strong> milky appearance of retinal vessels (arteries AND white veins) on fundus examination \u2192 pathognomonic of very severe hypertriglyceridemia<\/li>\n <li><strong>Hepatomegaly + splenomegaly :<\/strong> intrahepatic + splenic lipid deposits + in severe chronic forms<\/li>\n <li><strong>Lactecent serum :<\/strong> milky or creamy appearance of serum on centrifugation \u2192 visualized in the laboratory + suggestive of TG > 11 mmol\/L<\/li>\n <li><strong>Epigastric abdominal pain:<\/strong> precursor of acute pancreatitis \u2192 always hospitalize if TG > 11 mmol\/L with abdominal pain<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <h2>Treatment<\/h2>\n <ul class=\"co-list\">\n <li><strong>Dietary hygiene measures (pillar for all shapes) :<\/strong> drastic reduction in simple sugars (fructose + sucrose + glucose) + elimination of sugary drinks and fruit juices + cessation of alcohol (major effect on TGs) + reduction in refined carbohydrates (white bread + white rice + pasta) + increase in fibre + regular physical activity (150 min\/week) \u2192 reduction in TGs by 20-50 % by dietary-hygienic measures alone in moderate forms<\/li>\n <li><strong>Treatment of secondary causes :<\/strong> optimization of glycemic control (diabetes) \u2192 metformin + GLP-1 + SGLT2 \u2192 very effective on TG + treatment of hypothyroidism (levothyroxine) + discontinuation or substitution of inducing drug if possible (oral \u2192 transdermal estrogens) + weight loss<\/li>\n <li><strong>Fibrates (pharmacological treatment of choice for very high TG) :<\/strong> fenofibrate (Lipidil\u00ae 145 mg\/d) + gemfibrozil \u2192 PPAR-\u03b1 receptor agonists \u2192 activation of LPL \u2192 degradation of VLDL \u2192 reduction of TG by 30-50 % + increase of HDL by 10-20 % + priority indications: TG > 5.6 mmol\/L + or TG > 2.3 mmol\/L if residual high CV risk with statin + increased myopathy risk if combined with statins (gemfibrozil +++ to be avoided with statins - fenofibrate safer)<\/li>\n <li><strong>High-dose omega-3s (EPA + DHA polyunsaturated fatty acids):<\/strong> ethyl icosapentaenoate - Vascepa\u00ae (EPA pure 4 g\/d) \u2192 approved by Health Canada to reduce residual cardiovascular risk in patients with TG 1.5-5.6 mmol\/L on statins + reduced risk of CV events by 25 % (REDUCE-IT trial) + mechanism: inhibition of hepatic lipogenesis + activation of LPL + standard omega-3 (EPA + DHA - 3-4 g\/d) \u2192 TG reduction of 20-30 % but no CV benefit demonstrated<\/li>\n <li><strong>Statins :<\/strong> moderate effect on TG (reduction 10-20 %) + but treatment of choice if LDL high + associated high CV risk + reduce VLDL in addition to LDL at high doses<\/li>\n <li><strong>Urgent management if TG \u2265 11.3 mmol\/L :<\/strong> immediate dietary restriction of fats and carbohydrates + total cessation of alcohol + if hospitalized: lipid-free enteral nutrition + IV insulin therapy if diabetes + plasma apheresis in extreme refractory cases + prevention of acute pancreatitis<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n\n <div class=\"co-infobox\">\n <span class=\"ico\">\u2119\ufe0f<\/span>\n <span>Ethyl icosapentaenoate (Vascepa\u00ae - pure EPA 4 g\/d) is the only omega-3 to have demonstrated a significant reduction in residual cardiovascular risk in the REDUCE-IT trial (25 % relative reduction in major CV events in patients with TG 1.5-5.6 mmol\/L already on statins). This property is specific to pure EPA and was not reproduced by combined EPA + DHA formulations (STRENGTH trial with standard fish oil - negative result). The distinction between Vascepa\u00ae (pure EPA) and standard omega-3 (EPA + DHA) is clinically important.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"co-urgence\">\n <div class=\"co-urgence-titre\">Medical consultation recommended<\/div>\n <p>Seek prompt medical attention if very high triglycerides (> 5.6 mmol\/L) are found on blood testing + especially if epigastric abdominal pain is associated (risk of acute pancreatitis). Go to emergency immediately if severe abdominal pain with known very high triglycerides occurs - this is a pancreatic emergency. For a complete lipid profile and treatment of hypertriglyceridemia (fenofibrate + Vascepa\u00ae + dietary-hygienic measures), Clinique Omicron offers medical consultations at its points of service in Quebec and via telemedicine. To book an appointment, visit <a href=\"https:\/\/cliniqueomicron.ca\" style=\"color:#c0392b;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">cliniqueomicron.ca<\/a>.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <h2>Consult at Clinique Omicron<\/h2>\n <p>Clinique Omicron's specialized physicians and nurse practitioners (IPS) measure and interpret triglycerides in the complete lipid profile, identify treatable secondary causes (hypothyroidism + diabetes + medication + alcohol), prescribe fenofibrate and Vascepa\u00ae as indicated, provide dietary-hygienic advice targeting fructose and alcohol, manage very severe hypertriglyceridemia with urgent dietary restriction, and refer to endocrinology for severe familial hypertriglyceridemia. Consultations are available at several points of service in Quebec and via telemedicine. To book an appointment, visit <a href=\"https:\/\/cliniqueomicron.ca\" style=\"color:#4D6577;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;\">cliniqueomicron.ca<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n <p class=\"co-disclaimer\">The contents of this page are provided for information purposes only and do not replace medical advice. Very high triglycerides (> 11.3 mmol\/L) with abdominal pain constitute a medical emergency due to the risk of acute pancreatitis. Triglyceride levels should be measured on an empty stomach (12 hours) to ensure reliable interpretation of basal values.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Triglyc\u00e9rides : valeurs normales, hypertriglyc\u00e9rid\u00e9mie et traitement | Clinique Omicron Endocrinologie & Cardiologie pr\u00e9ventive & M\u00e9decine de famille Triglyc\u00e9rides Les triglyc\u00e9rides (TG) \u2014 d\u00e9sign\u00e9s \u00e9galement triacylglyc\u00e9rols \u2014 sont des lipides neutres constitu\u00e9s d’une mol\u00e9cule de glyc\u00e9rol est\u00e9rifi\u00e9e par trois acides gras \u00e0 longue cha\u00eene, repr\u00e9sentant la principale forme de stockage \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique lipidique dans les tissus… <a href=\"https:\/\/cliniqueomicron.ca\/en\/triglycerides\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Read More \"<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Triglycerides: normal values, hypertriglyceridemia and treatment | Clinique Omicron<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"off","neve_meta_content_width":100,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"_metasync_otto_title":"Triglyc\u00e9rides | Brossard | Clinique Omicron","_metasync_otto_description":"Triglyc\u00e9rides Triglyc\u00e9rides est un test de laboratoire qui permet d'\u00e9valuer certains aspects de votre \u00e9tat de sant\u00e9. Ce test est disponible \u00e0 la Clinique Omi...","_metasync_otto_keywords":"","_metasync_otto_og_title":"","_metasync_otto_og_description":"Triglyc\u00e9rides Triglyc\u00e9rides est un test de laboratoire qui permet d'\u00e9valuer certains aspects de votre \u00e9tat de sant\u00e9. Ce test est disponible \u00e0 la Clinique Omi...","_metasync_otto_twitter_title":"","_metasync_otto_twitter_description":"Triglyc\u00e9rides Triglyc\u00e9rides est un test de laboratoire qui permet d'\u00e9valuer certains aspects de votre \u00e9tat de sant\u00e9. Ce test est disponible \u00e0 la Clinique Omi...","rank_math_title":"","rank_math_description":"","_yoast_wpseo_title":"","_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_aioseo_title":"Triglyc\u00e9rides : valeurs normales, hypertriglyc\u00e9rid\u00e9mie et traitement | Clinique Omicron","_aioseo_description":"Les triglyc\u00e9rides \u00e9lev\u00e9s augmentent le risque cardiovasculaire et de pancr\u00e9atite. Seuil 5.6 mmol\/L risque pancr\u00e9atique 11.3 urgence, fibrates f\u00e9nofibrate 30-50%, Vascepa EPA pur REDUCE-IT 25% risque CV r\u00e9siduel, fructose alcool alcool causes au Qu\u00e9bec.","_metasync_seo_title":"","_metasync_seo_desc":"","_metasync_breadcrumb_title":"","_metasync_primary_category":0,"_metasync_primary_product_cat":0,"_metasync_otto_disabled":"","_metasync_hreflang":"","_metasync_plugin_sync_ts":"{\"aioseo\":\"2026-05-04T21:42:32+00:00\"}","_metasync_robots_advanced":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-25027","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Triglyc\u00e9rides Triglyc\u00e9rides est un test de laboratoire qui permet d'\u00e9valuer certains aspects de votre \u00e9tat de sant\u00e9. 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