Sinusitis refers to the inflammation and swelling of the lining that covers the sinuses. Normally, the sinuses produce mucus that drains into the nose. When this lining swells \u2014 due to infection or irritation \u2014 drainage is blocked, mucus builds up, and the sinuses become a breeding ground for bacteria.<\/p>\n
Several forms of sinusitis are distinguished by their duration:<\/p>\n
- Acute sinusitis<\/strong> symptoms that last less than four weeks. This is the most common form, often following a cold. The sinuses most often affected are the maxillary sinuses (located in the cheeks), the frontal sinuses (above the eyebrows), and the ethmoid sinuses (between the eyes).<\/p>\n The vast majority of acute sinusitis cases are viral in origin\u2014the same viruses responsible for the common cold (rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, adenoviruses). In this case, antibiotics are of no use.<\/p>\n Bacterial sinusitis can occur when bacteria take advantage of sinus blockage to multiply. The most common bacteria involved are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis.<\/p>\n Other causes and contributing factors: People with asthma, cystic fibrosis, or immune deficiencies are at higher risk for severe or recurrent sinusitis.<\/p>\n Typical symptoms of acute sinusitis include:<\/p>\n \u2013 Facial pain or pressure \u2014 often located in the cheeks, forehead, around the eyes, or nose What suggests a bacterial origin rather than viral: These clinical criteria guide the physician in their decision of whether or not to treat with antibiotics.<\/p>\n Most viral sinusitis resolves in one to two weeks without any treatment other than symptomatic relief. However, medical consultation is recommended in the following situations:<\/p>\n \u2013 Symptoms last more than ten days with no sign of improvement The doctor performs a clinical examination\u2014inspecting the throat and ears, and percussing the sinuses\u2014to guide the diagnosis. In cases of recurrent or chronic sinusitis, an ENT referral and imaging (CT scan of the sinuses) may be necessary.<\/p>\n Seek immediate medical attention or call 9-1-1 if you experience: high fever with a stiff neck, swelling around an eye, blurred vision, mental confusion, or severe headache. These signs can indicate a rare but serious complication (meningitis, orbital cellulitis).<\/p>\n For viral sinusitis\u2014the most common type\u2014treatment aims to relieve symptoms while the body fights the infection:<\/p>\n \u2013 Topical nasal decongestants (nasal sprays based on xylometazoline or oxymetazoline) \u2014 to be used for a maximum of three to five days to avoid the rebound effect These treatments are available over-the-counter at the pharmacy. A pharmacist can advise you on the appropriate options for your situation.<\/p>\n When clinical criteria indicate bacterial sinusitis, a doctor may prescribe antibiotics. Amoxicillin is often the first-line treatment. In case of penicillin allergy or resistance, other antibiotics may be used.<\/p>\n The duration of antibiotic treatment varies by severity. It is essential to complete the prescribed treatment, even if symptoms improve before the end.<\/p>\n Antibiotics are not indicated for viral sinusitis. Their inappropriate use contributes to antimicrobial resistance, a major public health problem.<\/p>\n For chronic or recurrent sinusitis, a more specialized approach is necessary: long-term nasal corticosteroids, immunotherapy for underlying allergies, or in some cases, endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) to improve sinus drainage.<\/p>\n Sinusitis is a common reason for seeking medical attention that can often be assessed via telehealth, especially for uncomplicated cases. A doctor can evaluate your symptoms, determine if it's viral or potentially bacterial sinusitis, and guide you to the appropriate treatment\u2014without you having to travel.<\/p>\n Clinique Omicron offers medical consultations for ENT infections, including sinusitis, via teleconsultation and at its service points in Quebec. If a physical examination or an ENT referral is necessary, our doctors can direct you quickly.<\/p>\n How long does a viral sinus infection last?<\/strong> Are antibiotics needed to treat sinusitis?<\/strong> Are nasal decongestants dangerous?<\/strong> Can I have a televisit for sinusitis?<\/strong> Can sinusitis become chronic?<\/strong> How to relieve sinus pain at home?<\/strong> Can sinusitis cause toothaches?<\/strong> Teleconsultation in Quebec \u2014 Private Online Doctor | Omicron Clinic<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n
\n- Subacute sinusitis<\/strong> Between four and twelve weeks.
\n- Chronic sinusitis<\/strong> symptoms lasting more than twelve weeks, with or without nasal polyps.
\n- Recurrent sinusitis<\/strong> Several acute episodes per year, with a return to normal between episodes.<\/p>\nCauses and risk factors<\/h3>\n
\n\u2013 Nasal allergies (allergic rhinitis) \u2014 chronic inflammation of the mucous membranes promotes sinus episodes
\nNasal polyps \u2014 these growths can mechanically block the sinuses
\nDeviated septum \u2014 a particular anatomy can reduce natural drainage
\n- Tobacco smoke\u2014irritates mucous membranes and impairs ciliary drainage.
\nScuba diving, swimming in pools \u2014 pressure and chlorinated water can irritate sinuses
\n\u2013 Weakened immune system \u2014 increases the risk of recurrent infections<\/p>\nHow does sinusitis manifest in adults?<\/h3>\n
\n\u2013 Nasal congestion \u2014 stuffy nose, difficulty breathing through the nose
\n\u2013 Nasal discharge \u2014 thick, often yellowish-green, sometimes flowing to the back of the throat (postnasal drip)
\n\u2013 Reduction or loss of smell
\n\u2013 Cough \u2013 often worse at night, caused by postnasal drip
\n\u2013 General fatigue
\n\u2013 Sometimes: mild to moderate fever, toothache in the upper molars (related to the maxillary sinuses)<\/p>\n
\n\u2013 Symptoms that have lasted more than ten days without improvement
\n\u2013 Symptoms that worsen after initial improvement (so-called \u00abdouble wave\u00bb worsening)
\nHigh fever with intense facial pain and purulent discharge<\/p>\nDiagnosis: When to see a doctor<\/h3>\n
\n\u2013 The symptoms were improving and then suddenly worsened
\nYou have a high fever with significant facial pain.
\nYou have a history of recurrent bacterial sinusitis.
\nYou have symptoms on only one side of your face, which may indicate another pathology
\n\u2013 Do you suffer from asthma, severe allergies, or a weakened immune system<\/p>\nTreatment Options<\/h3>\n
\n\u2013 Nasal rinses with physiological serum (isotonic saline solution) \u2014 help clear the sinuses, with no adverse effects
\n\u2013 Pain relievers (acetaminophen, ibuprofen) \u2014 to relieve facial pain and fever
\n\u2013 Nasal corticosteroids (fluticasone, mometasone) \u2014 can reduce inflammation, particularly useful in cases with an allergic component<\/p>\nAccess to a doctor for sinusitis<\/h3>\n
FAQ \u2014 Adult Sinusitis<\/h3>\n
\nMost viral sinus infections last seven to fourteen days. If symptoms persist beyond ten days without improvement, a medical evaluation is indicated to determine if there is a bacterial component.<\/p>\n
\nNo, in the majority of cases. Sinusitis is most often viral, and antibiotics have no effect on viruses. They are reserved for cases that meet specific clinical criteria suggesting a bacterial infection.<\/p>\n
\nTopical decongestants (sprays) are effective in the short term, but their use should not exceed three to five days due to the risk of rebound effect (medicamentosa rhinitis). Oral decongestants are contraindicated in cases of high blood pressure or heart problems.<\/p>\n
\nYes, for uncomplicated cases. The doctor can assess your symptoms, guide you on symptomatic treatment, and prescribe antibiotics if the criteria warrant it.<\/p>\n
\nYes. A sinus infection is considered chronic when symptoms persist for more than twelve weeks. It requires further evaluation, often by an ENT specialist.<\/p>\n
\nNasal rinses with saline solution, hot steam inhalations, applying warm compresses to the face, and pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help relieve symptoms.<\/p>\n
\nYes. The maxillary sinuses are located just above the roots of the upper teeth. Maxillary sinusitis can cause tooth pain, especially in the upper molars.<\/p>\n