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Medical condition

Acromegaly

Acromegaly is a rare hormonal disorder caused by excessive and prolonged production of growth hormone (GH), most often due to a benign pituitary tumor called an adenoma. This overproduction leads to abnormal growth of bones, soft tissues, and certain organs. Diagnosis is often delayed, as the physical changes develop gradually over several years.

What are the symptoms?

The manifestations of acromegaly are varied and develop slowly. The most characteristic signs are:

  • Progressive enlargement of the hands, feet, and face
  • Coarse facial features: prominent jaw, bulging forehead, wide nose and lips
  • Tooth spacing and malocclusion
  • Chronic joint and muscle pain
  • Excessive sweating and thickened, greasy skin
  • Persistent fatigue, frequent headaches
  • Sleep disorders including obstructive sleep apnea
  • Visual disturbances due to compression of the optic chiasm by a tumor

What are the causes?

Dans plus de 95 % des cas, l'acromégalie est causée par un adénome hypophysaire sécrétant de la GH. Cet excès de GH stimule le foie à produire de l'IGF-1 (facteur de croissance insulinomimétique), responsable de la majorité des effets cliniques observés. Des causes extrahypophysaires existent mais restent exceptionnelles.

How is it diagnosed?

Review What it assesses Usefulness
IGF-1 dosage Blood growth factor level Primary screening test, reflecting chronic GH secretion
Hyperglycemia Brake Test GH response after glucose load Confirm the diagnosis if GH is not suppressed normally
Pituitary MRI Morphology of the pituitary gland Visualize and locate the responsible adenoma

What are the treatment options?

Treatment aims to normalize GH and IGF-1 levels in order to halt the progression of complications. Several approaches are available:

  • Transsphenoidal pituitary surgery to remove adenoma
  • Somatostatin analogues (octreotide, lanreotide) to reduce GH secretion
  • GH receptor antagonists (pegvisomant) to block its peripheral action
  • Stereotactic radiotherapy in case of surgical failure or contraindication
  • Regular endocrinological follow-up to adjust treatment according to progress
ℹ️ Untreated, acromegaly significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and certain cancers, particularly colorectal cancer. Early diagnosis and management can reduce these risks and improve long-term quality of life.

When to consult?

If you notice a gradual change in your features, swelling of your hands or feet, or persistent unexplained fatigue, consult a doctor. These signs can go unnoticed for years and warrant appropriate hormonal evaluation.

Where to consult in Quebec

Clinique Omicron healthcare professionals can assess your symptoms, prescribe necessary hormonal tests, and refer you to the appropriate specialists. Visit one of our service points in Quebec for personalized care.

The content of this page is provided for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of a qualified healthcare professional. Consult a physician for any symptoms, questions or decisions you may have regarding your health.

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