An afternoon at the park, a day on the water, a hike under clear skies: summer in Quebec invites you to enjoy the sun—sometimes a little too much. The sunburn is a skin burn caused by ultraviolet rays, and while it may seem harmless, it is never without consequences. Every instance of excessive exposure leaves a mark on the skin and, over the years, increases the risk of more serious problems. The good news is that prevention is simple and effective. This guide explains how to protect your skin, what to do if you get a sunburn, and what signs should prompt you to seek medical attention.
On this page
Understanding UV Rays and the UV Index
Sunburn is caused by the ultraviolet rays (UV) emitted by the sun. These invisible rays reach the skin and damage its cells. The redness, heat, and pain that follow are signs that the skin has been burned. In Quebec, people sometimes believe that the risk is limited to days with extreme heat; in reality, UV rays are present as soon as the sun rises, even on cloudy days.
The UV Index: A Useful Guide
The UV index indicates the intensity of UV radiation at a given time. The higher it is, the faster unprotected skin can burn. It’s easy to find in weather forecasts. Here are a few tips to help you use it:
- A higher UV index calls for more thorough protection.
- The sun's rays are generally strongest between mid-morning and mid-afternoon.
- Snow, water, and sand reflect UV rays and increase exposure.
- Altitude and proximity to water also intensify solar radiation.
Why Clouds Aren't Enough
A significant portion of UV radiation passes through cloud cover. This means you can still get sunburned on a gray or cool day—which often comes as a surprise. Relying on how warm it feels can be misleading: it’s the UV index—not the temperature—that indicates the risk.
Preventing Sunburn
Visit prevention is based on a combination of simple steps that are more effective when taken together than when taken individually. The idea is not to avoid the sun, but to enjoy the outdoors while minimizing excessive exposure.
Basic Moves
- Seek out shade, especially during the hours when the sun's rays are strongest.
- Wear clothing that covers your skin, a wide-brimmed hat, and sunglasses.
- Apply an appropriate sunscreen and reapply it regularly.
- Be extra careful near water, sand, or snow.
- Check the UV index before engaging in prolonged outdoor activity.
Multi-layered protection
Sunscreen is helpful, but it shouldn’t be your only line of defense. When combined with shade and clothing, it offers much more comprehensive protection. This is often referred to as a «layered» approach: each step adds a layer of protection, and it’s the combination of these steps that makes all the difference over a full day in the sun.
To remember
- Sunburn is a burn caused by UV rays.
- UV rays are present even on cloudy, cool days.
- The UV index—not the temperature—indicates the risk.
- The best protection combines shade, clothing, and sunscreen.
- Water, sand, and snow increase exposure.
- Every sunburn leaves a mark and has long-term consequences.
How to Choose and Apply Sunscreen Properly
Visit sunscreen It only provides real protection if you choose the right product and apply it correctly. Many cases of sunburn occur even after applying sunscreen, often because not enough was used or because people forgot to reapply it.
What to Watch For
- A sun protection factor (SPF) high enough for prolonged exposure.
- The term «broad-spectrum,» which indicates protection against multiple types of UV rays.
- Water resistance when swimming or sweating.
- An expiration date that has not passed.
Apply it properly
- Apply a generous amount, making sure to cover your ears, the back of your neck, and the tops of your feet.
- Apply it a little before you go out, to give it time to take effect.
- Reapply it regularly, and after swimming or heavy sweating.
- Combine it with other protective measures, but do not rely on it alone.
Specific recommendations regarding SPF and application frequency may vary; follow the product instructions and, if necessary, seek advice from a pharmacist or healthcare professional.
Are you concerned about a sunburn, or do you have a skin lesion you'd like to have checked out? Our professionals can help you. Make an appointment at one of our service locations in Quebec, exchange it for online consultation, or explore our solutions for companies in occupational health and safety for outdoor work.
What to Do If You Get Sunburned
Even with precautions, you can still get sunburned. A few gestures of comfort These can help soothe the skin while it heals. They are not a substitute for medical advice if the burn is severe.
To soothe the skin
- Seek shade as soon as redness appears.
- Refresh the skin with lukewarm water or cool compresses.
- Moisturize your skin with a gentle, soothing product.
- Drink enough to make up for fluid loss.
- Avoid popping blisters, as they protect the skin underneath.
Things to Avoid
- Going back out into the sun with already sunburned skin.
- Applying oily products or unproven home remedies.
- Rub or scratch the peeling skin.
A mild sunburn usually clears up within a few days. If you have any questions about appropriate relief, a pharmacist is an easily accessible resource. If you’re unsure what to do, the Info-Santé 811 service is available throughout Quebec.
Children and Sensitive Skin
The skin of the children is more delicate than that of adults and more susceptible to sunburn. Protecting them from a very young age is particularly important, because exposure during childhood contributes to long-term risk.
Protecting Toddlers
- Keep babies in the shade and avoid direct sun exposure for very young children.
- Choose clothing that covers your skin, along with a hat and appropriate sunglasses.
- For the use of sunscreen on infants, consult a healthcare professional or a pharmacist.
- Be extra vigilant during extended outings near water or outdoors.
More sensitive skin
Some people burn more easily, especially those with fair skin, but all skin types can be damaged by the sun. In addition, certain medications can increase sensitivity to the sun. If this applies to you, a healthcare professional or pharmacist can advise you on the precautions you should take.
The link to skin cancer
Beyond temporary discomfort, repeated sunburns are associated with an increased risk of skin cancer. UV damage accumulates over the course of a lifetime, and sunburns—especially those sustained during childhood—are part of that.
Keep an eye on your skin
Getting to know the appearance of your skin and moles helps you spot any changes. Certain signs warrant a professional’s attention:
- A mole that changes in size, shape, or color.
- A sore that bleeds, itches, or won't heal.
- A new, unusual spot or bump on the skin.
- Asymmetry or irregular edges of a mole.
These signs do not necessarily indicate cancer, but they warrant an evaluation. Sun protection throughout one’s life remains one of the best ways to reduce the risk, at any age.
When to See a Professional
Most cases of sunburn can be treated at home, but some situations require the advice of a healthcare professional. Knowing how to recognize them helps prevent you from dismissing a more serious burn as minor.
Check if
- The burn is extensive, very painful, or covered with large blisters.
- It is accompanied by fever, chills, headaches, or nausea.
- Signs of dehydration or heatstroke appear.
- The affected person is an infant or a young child.
- A skin lesion changes or does not heal.
If you notice severe general symptoms—such as confusion, discomfort, or a high fever—after sun exposure, you must act immediately, as these may indicate a more serious heat-related problem. If in doubt, Info-Santé 811 will direct you to the appropriate resource.
Myths and misconceptions
«You can't get sunburned when it's cloudy.»
False. A large portion of UV rays passes through clouds. You can still get sunburned on a gray, cool day, because it’s the UV index—not the heat—that matters.
«A tan protects against sunburn.»
Nuanced. A tan offers only very limited protection and is already a sign of skin damage. It is by no means a substitute for proper sun protection.
«One application of sunscreen is enough for the whole day.»
False. Sunscreen should be reapplied regularly, and after swimming or heavy sweating; otherwise, its protective effect decreases significantly.
«People with dark skin don't need protection.»
False. All skin types can suffer damage from UV rays. Sunscreen is recommended for everyone, regardless of skin tone.
«Sunburns during childhood have no consequences.»
False. Sun exposure and sunburns during childhood contribute to the long-term risk of skin cancer. Protecting children is particularly important.
Frequently asked questions
How long does a sunburn last?
A mild sunburn usually clears up within a few days, sometimes accompanied by peeling. A more severe sunburn may take longer to heal and may require professional medical advice.
Can you get sunburned on a cloudy day?
Yes. A significant portion of UV rays passes through clouds. Relying on how hot it feels can be misleading: it’s best to check the UV index before engaging in outdoor activities.
How often should you apply sunscreen?
It should be reapplied regularly, and after swimming or heavy sweating. Follow the product instructions and ask a pharmacist for advice if needed.
How can you relieve sunburn at home?
Seek shade, cool your skin with lukewarm water, moisturize it with a gentle product, and drink plenty of fluids. It’s best not to pop the blisters and to avoid going back out into the sun.
Can a sunburn really increase the risk of skin cancer?
UV damage accumulates over time, and repeated sunburns—especially during childhood—are associated with an increased risk. Using sunscreen throughout one’s life helps reduce this risk.
When should you see a doctor for a sunburn?
If a burn is extensive, very painful, or blistered, or if it is accompanied by a fever or general malaise, or if it affects a young child, you should seek medical attention. If you have any questions, Info-Santé 811 can provide guidance.
Sources
- Government of Quebec (Québec.ca) — Protecting Yourself from the Sun
- Government of Canada — Sun Safety and UV Index
- Canadian Cancer Society — Skin Cancer and Sun Protection
- Canadian Dermatology Association
- Info-Santé 811 — Government of Quebec
- Quebec National Institute of Public Health (INSPQ) — UV Radiation and Health
Medical consultation | Clinique Omicron
Omicron Clinic
Need to consult a doctor?
In-person or via telemedicine, anywhere in Quebec.
We accept insurance. Telemedicine consultations available 7 days a week. No family doctor required.
Sunburn: How to Relieve It, Prevent Complications, and Know When to Seek Medical Attention
Geneviève Dostie
Omicron Clinic
An afternoon at the park, a day on the water, a hike under clear skies: summer in Quebec invites you to enjoy the sun—sometimes a little too much. The sunburn is a skin burn caused by ultraviolet rays, and while it may seem harmless, it is never without consequences. Every instance of excessive exposure leaves a mark on the skin and, over the years, increases the risk of more serious problems. The good news is that prevention is simple and effective. This guide explains how to protect your skin, what to do if you get a sunburn, and what signs should prompt you to seek medical attention.
On this page
Understanding UV Rays and the UV Index
Sunburn is caused by the ultraviolet rays (UV) emitted by the sun. These invisible rays reach the skin and damage its cells. The redness, heat, and pain that follow are signs that the skin has been burned. In Quebec, people sometimes believe that the risk is limited to days with extreme heat; in reality, UV rays are present as soon as the sun rises, even on cloudy days.
The UV Index: A Useful Guide
The UV index indicates the intensity of UV radiation at a given time. The higher it is, the faster unprotected skin can burn. It’s easy to find in weather forecasts. Here are a few tips to help you use it:
Why Clouds Aren't Enough
A significant portion of UV radiation passes through cloud cover. This means you can still get sunburned on a gray or cool day—which often comes as a surprise. Relying on how warm it feels can be misleading: it’s the UV index—not the temperature—that indicates the risk.
Preventing Sunburn
Visit prevention is based on a combination of simple steps that are more effective when taken together than when taken individually. The idea is not to avoid the sun, but to enjoy the outdoors while minimizing excessive exposure.
Basic Moves
Multi-layered protection
Sunscreen is helpful, but it shouldn’t be your only line of defense. When combined with shade and clothing, it offers much more comprehensive protection. This is often referred to as a «layered» approach: each step adds a layer of protection, and it’s the combination of these steps that makes all the difference over a full day in the sun.
To remember
How to Choose and Apply Sunscreen Properly
Visit sunscreen It only provides real protection if you choose the right product and apply it correctly. Many cases of sunburn occur even after applying sunscreen, often because not enough was used or because people forgot to reapply it.
What to Watch For
Apply it properly
Specific recommendations regarding SPF and application frequency may vary; follow the product instructions and, if necessary, seek advice from a pharmacist or healthcare professional.
Are you concerned about a sunburn, or do you have a skin lesion you'd like to have checked out? Our professionals can help you. Make an appointment at one of our service locations in Quebec, exchange it for online consultation, or explore our solutions for companies in occupational health and safety for outdoor work.
What to Do If You Get Sunburned
Even with precautions, you can still get sunburned. A few gestures of comfort These can help soothe the skin while it heals. They are not a substitute for medical advice if the burn is severe.
To soothe the skin
Things to Avoid
A mild sunburn usually clears up within a few days. If you have any questions about appropriate relief, a pharmacist is an easily accessible resource. If you’re unsure what to do, the Info-Santé 811 service is available throughout Quebec.
Children and Sensitive Skin
The skin of the children is more delicate than that of adults and more susceptible to sunburn. Protecting them from a very young age is particularly important, because exposure during childhood contributes to long-term risk.
Protecting Toddlers
More sensitive skin
Some people burn more easily, especially those with fair skin, but all skin types can be damaged by the sun. In addition, certain medications can increase sensitivity to the sun. If this applies to you, a healthcare professional or pharmacist can advise you on the precautions you should take.
The link to skin cancer
Beyond temporary discomfort, repeated sunburns are associated with an increased risk of skin cancer. UV damage accumulates over the course of a lifetime, and sunburns—especially those sustained during childhood—are part of that.
Keep an eye on your skin
Getting to know the appearance of your skin and moles helps you spot any changes. Certain signs warrant a professional’s attention:
These signs do not necessarily indicate cancer, but they warrant an evaluation. Sun protection throughout one’s life remains one of the best ways to reduce the risk, at any age.
When to See a Professional
Most cases of sunburn can be treated at home, but some situations require the advice of a healthcare professional. Knowing how to recognize them helps prevent you from dismissing a more serious burn as minor.
Check if
If you notice severe general symptoms—such as confusion, discomfort, or a high fever—after sun exposure, you must act immediately, as these may indicate a more serious heat-related problem. If in doubt, Info-Santé 811 will direct you to the appropriate resource.
Myths and misconceptions
«You can't get sunburned when it's cloudy.»
False. A large portion of UV rays passes through clouds. You can still get sunburned on a gray, cool day, because it’s the UV index—not the heat—that matters.
«A tan protects against sunburn.»
Nuanced. A tan offers only very limited protection and is already a sign of skin damage. It is by no means a substitute for proper sun protection.
«One application of sunscreen is enough for the whole day.»
False. Sunscreen should be reapplied regularly, and after swimming or heavy sweating; otherwise, its protective effect decreases significantly.
«People with dark skin don't need protection.»
False. All skin types can suffer damage from UV rays. Sunscreen is recommended for everyone, regardless of skin tone.
«Sunburns during childhood have no consequences.»
False. Sun exposure and sunburns during childhood contribute to the long-term risk of skin cancer. Protecting children is particularly important.
Frequently asked questions
How long does a sunburn last?
A mild sunburn usually clears up within a few days, sometimes accompanied by peeling. A more severe sunburn may take longer to heal and may require professional medical advice.
Can you get sunburned on a cloudy day?
Yes. A significant portion of UV rays passes through clouds. Relying on how hot it feels can be misleading: it’s best to check the UV index before engaging in outdoor activities.
How often should you apply sunscreen?
It should be reapplied regularly, and after swimming or heavy sweating. Follow the product instructions and ask a pharmacist for advice if needed.
How can you relieve sunburn at home?
Seek shade, cool your skin with lukewarm water, moisturize it with a gentle product, and drink plenty of fluids. It’s best not to pop the blisters and to avoid going back out into the sun.
Can a sunburn really increase the risk of skin cancer?
UV damage accumulates over time, and repeated sunburns—especially during childhood—are associated with an increased risk. Using sunscreen throughout one’s life helps reduce this risk.
When should you see a doctor for a sunburn?
If a burn is extensive, very painful, or blistered, or if it is accompanied by a fever or general malaise, or if it affects a young child, you should seek medical attention. If you have any questions, Info-Santé 811 can provide guidance.
Sources
Omicron Clinic
Need to consult a doctor?
In-person or via telemedicine, anywhere in Quebec.
We accept insurance. Telemedicine consultations available 7 days a week. No family doctor required.
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